Initial Processing
Digestion begins in the mouth, where mechanical breakdown through chewing combines with chemical digestion by salivary enzymes. The tongue forms food into a bolus while mixing it with saliva containing amylase, which begins carbohydrate breakdown. After swallowing, the esophagus moves food to the stomach through coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis.
Stomach and Small Intestine
The stomach's strong acids and enzymes break down proteins while churning movements create a liquid mixture called chyme. This partially digested food then enters the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs. The pancreas releases enzymes while the liver produces bile to help break down fats. The small intestine's surface area is greatly increased by tiny finger-like projections called villi.
Absorption and Elimination
Nutrients pass through the intestinal wall into bloodstream and lymphatic systems. The large intestine absorbs remaining water and electrolytes while hosting beneficial bacteria that produce vitamins and break down undigested materials. This process creates solid waste that moves through the colon for elimination. The entire digestive process typically takes 24-72 hours to complete.Shutdown123